php interview qustion and answers part 1

  1. What does a special set of tags do in PHP? - The output is displayed directly to the browser.
  2. What’s the difference between include and require? - It’s how they handle failures. If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
  3. I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem? - PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal.
  4. Would I use print "$a dollars" or "{$a} dollars" to print out the amount of dollars in this example? - In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like "{$a},000,000 mln dollars", then you definitely need to use the braces.
  5. How do you define a constant? - Via define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT", 100);
  6. How do you pass a variable by value? - Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b
  7. Will comparison of string "10" and integer 11 work in PHP? - Yes, internally PHP will cast everything to the integer type, so numbers 10 and 11 will be compared.
  8. When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement? - When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.
  9. Explain the ternary conditional operator in PHP? - Expression preceding the ? is evaluated, if it’s true, then the expression preceding the : is executed, otherwise, the expression following : is executed.
  10. How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function? - func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.
  11. If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b? - 100, it’s a reference to existing variable.
  12. What’s the difference between accessing a class method via -> and via ::? - :: is allowed to access methods that can perform static operations, i.e. those, which do not require object initialization.
  13. Are objects passed by value or by reference? - Everything is passed by value.
  14. How do you call a constructor for a parent class? - parent::constructor($value)
  15. What’s the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup? - __sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.
  16. Why doesn’t the following code print the newline properly?                $str = ‘Hello, there.nHow are you?nThanks for visiting my blog’;
                print $str;
        ?>
    Because inside the single quotes the n character is not interpreted as newline, just as a sequence of two characters - and n.
  17. Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes? - Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.
  18. How come the code works, but doesn’t for two-dimensional array of mine? - Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print "Contents: {$arr[1][2]}" would’ve worked.
  19. What is the difference between characters �23 and x23? - The first one is octal 23, the second is hex 23.
  20. With a heredoc syntax, do I get variable substitution inside the heredoc contents? - Yes.
  21. I want to combine two variables together:
     $var1 = 'Welcome to ';
    $var2 = 'my blogg';
    What will work faster? Code sample 1:
    $var 3 = $var1.$var2;
    Or code sample 2:
    $var3 = "$var1$var2";
    Both examples would provide the same result - $var3 equal to "Welcome to my blogg". However, Code Sample 1 will work significantly faster. Try it out with large sets of data (or via concatenating small sets a million times or so), and you will see that concatenation works significantly faster than variable substitution.
  22. What are the difference between echo , print , print_r-  echo is a statement .while print is a function .we can't print whole array by using echo or print. For this  we have to use the print_r function.
  23. I am writing an application in PHP that outputs a printable version of driving directions. It contains some long sentences, and I am a neat freak, and would like to make sure that no line exceeds 50 characters. How do I accomplish that with PHP? - On large strings that need to be formatted according to some length specifications, use wordwrap() or chunk_split().
  24. What’s the output of the ucwords function in this example?
     $formatted = ucwords("HI HOW ARE YOU");
    print $formatted;
    What will be printed is HI HOW ARE YOU.
    ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.
  25. What’s the difference between htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()? - htmlspecialchars only takes care of <, >, single quote ‘, double quote " and ampersand. htmlentities translates all occurrences of character sequences that have different meaning in HTML.
  26. What’s the difference between md5(), crc32() and sha1() crypto on PHP? - The major difference is the length of the hash generated. CRC32 is, evidently, 32 bits, while sha1() returns a 128 bit value, and md5() returns a 160 bit value. This is important when avoiding collisions.
  27. So if md5() generates the most secure hash, why would you ever use the less secure crc32() and sha1()? - Crypto usage in PHP is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s free. First off, depending on the data that you’re encrypting, you might have reasons to store a 32-bit value in the database instead of the 160-bit value to save on space. Second, the more secure the crypto is, the longer is the computation time to deliver the hash value. A high volume site might be significantly slowed down, if frequent md5() generation is required.

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