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You can call parent methods using :: operator, as in example below: parent::init( 'aaa' ); This situation works also, when dealing with static methods.

You can set default parameter value for method or function by giving it's initial value at argument declaration, see example: function myFunc( $number = 8 ) { } If client will pass a number to that function like myFunc( 11 ), then $number value will be 11. But if user will call it without argument or parameter, the $number variable will have value of

If you write your own constructor, you propably will want to call a parent construtor first to set up a class. You can do it in that way: parent::__construct(); This can be used also to call parent methods.

If you are in a function on class method scope, you can gain access to a global variable by using a global keyword. $x = 5; function myFunc() { global $x; echo $x; } Remeber that using globals usually isn't a good idea. Better idea would be divide your globals by categories/modules and store it in static variables of some classes.